Metformin

Glucophage · Glucophage XR · Glumetza · Fortamet

Other GLP-1 Oral FDA/EMA Label

Half-life

6.2 hr

Time to Peak

2.5 hr

Steady State

~2 days

Bioavailability

55%

Dose Range

500–2550 mg

Frequency

Twice daily

Overview

First-line oral diabetes medication, often co-prescribed with GLP-1 agonists. Extremely well-characterised safety profile over 60+ years of clinical use. Some evidence for longevity/anti-ageing benefits (TAME trial).

Mechanism of Action

Reduces hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, and decreases intestinal absorption of glucose. Does not cause hypoglycaemia as monotherapy.

Dosing Information

Route	Dose Range	Half-life	Tmax	Frequency
Oral	500–2550 mg	6.2 hr	2.5 hr	Twice daily, three times daily, once daily

Used in Regimens

1 regimen

Semaglutide + Metformin + B12 Support

Semaglutide GLP-1 therapy with metformin added for complementary insulin sensitisation and Vitamin B12 supplementation to offset metformin-induced B12 depletion. Growing evidence supports GLP-1 + metformin combination for enhanced weight loss and glycaemic outcomes.

Metformin ER — start at 500mg with evening meal, titrate.

glp1

Ancillary

Data Sources

FDA Label Glucophage (metformin) FDA Prescribing Information

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